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pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge. IV. Update and new approach
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The recently published points of zero charge (PZC) and isoelectric points (IEPs) of various materials are
compiled to update the previous compilation [M. Kosmulski, Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge,
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2009]. Unlike in previous compilations by the same author [Chemical Properties
of Material Surfaces, Dekker, New York, 2001; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 253 (2002) 77; J. Colloid Interface
Sci. 275 (2004) 214; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 298 (2006) 730], the materials are sorted not only by the
chemical formula, but also by specific product, that is, by brand name (commercially available materials),
and by recipe (home-synthesized materials). This new approach indicated that the relatively consistent
PZC/IEP reported in the literature for materials having the same chemical formula are due to biased
choice of specimens to be studied. Specimens which have PZC/IEP close to the ‘‘recommended” value
are selected more often than other specimens (PZC/IEP not reported before or PZC/IEP reported, but different
from the ‘‘recommended” value). Thus, the previously published PZC/IEP act as a self-fulfilling
prophecy.