久久国产精品午夜一区_91精品國產高清久久久久久91_?级毛片免费全部播放_欧美色图在线视频一区二区三区_国产综合亚洲一区二区三区_中文字幕熟女网_国产精品男人爽免费视频_九九无码网战_亚洲日本三级电影在线观看_欧美日韩DVD手机在线不卡

 Abstract: Positively charged (cetylpyridinium chloride), negatively charged (sodium dodecyl sulfate), and non-charged (polyethylene glycol) surfactants are used as potential foulant in reverse electrodialysis systems supplying seawater and river freshwater. Fouling tendency of the foulants to ion-exchange membranes is investigated in terms of the adsorption by electromigration, electrostatic attraction, and macromolecule interaction in reverse electrodialysis systems. According to theoretical prediction of fouling tendency, charged foulants in seawater streams could foul ion-exchange membranes significantly. However, the worst fouling behavior is observed when the charged foulants are present in river streams. As a result of zeta potential measurement, it is found that the Debye length of the charged foulants decreases due to the higher ionic strength of seawater streams and causes to lower net electrostatic effect. It finally results in less fouling tendency in reverse electrodialysis.